Annotated Bibliography

Shannon:

“The selected papers of Margaret Sanger: V.1: The woman rebel, 1900-1928.” Choice Reviews Online 41.01 (2003): 41–0522–41–0522. Web.

This source is the archived editions of TheWoman Rebel in their original form. This source is one of the only sources that have the original copies of the publication in tact. There is a small amount of commentary, introduction to the images but mostly just the unedited pages. The copies were scanned to give people access to the original documents because there was no complete set at the time. In my paper I drew direct quotes from the pages and used them as evidence for the strength of the publication. This is the artifact used in support of the Women's Reproductive rights movement for the Pre-Radio era. The publication is one of the earliest artifacts for the Women's rights movement. This is the original artifact used for cultural analysis in the paper.

Cayton, Andrew. “The ‘rights of woman’ and the Problem of Power.” Journal of the Early Republic35.2 (2015): 295–301. Web.

This is a university published paper addressing the struggles women have endured with power. The paper addresses that for the most part in history, women have not been in power with the exception of a few Matriarchal rulers. The paper also addressed that the invention of the printing press and other forms of communication has made it easier for women to voice their opinion and get it to others who share similar ideals. It focuses heavily on the narrative below the surface keeping women from gaining power, often by using sex and motherhood against them, and to legitimize them. I used quotes from the paper that supported the narratives mentioned above, and attempt to bring to light the systems of oppression in place. The point of this writing was very in line with where my paper was headed so the quotes used felt appropriate in my paper.

Kennedy, David M. Birth control in America: the career of Margaret Sanger. New York, NY, ACLS Humanities E-Book, 2010.

This source contained a quote from a doctor that shared similar beliefs as Sanger. The book is a university humanities department book. I found this source via google scholar and located a copy of the book for evidence in the direction of the Rebel Woman. I feel that this is a legitimate source for information as it is a scholarly book used in universities to discuss the birth control movement and feminism. It was difficult to find a professional at the time that shared the same views as Sanger. This source was a perfect example of what I was looking for because it contained not only a doctor but a male doctor with the same views and concerns. I only used this source for one direct quote but felt the evidence was substantial. This book has detailed information from the era of exploration and found it helpful to find direct quotes from that timeframe.

America, NARAL Pro-Choice. “Who Decides? The Status of Women's Reproductive Rights in the United States.” NARAL Pro-Choice America, www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/who-decides/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F. Accessed 1 Mar. 2017.

This is a direct quote from their “About us” page that is why I used them as a direct source, I used  direct information from them but listing them as a source because i wanted to see how far the rebel women's work has come. “The 1.2 million member activists of NARAL Pro-Choice America fight for reproductive freedom for every person in every state. Each day, we organize and mobilize to protect that freedom by fighting for access to abortion care, birth control, paid parental leave and protections from pregnancy discrimination.Like 7 in 10 Americans, we believe abortion must remain legal and accessible. We are the foot soldiers who work to ensure that abortion access is not only protected, but expanded for every American. Since 1969, our member-driven campaigns have propelled political and cultural change at every level, from the statehouse to the White House.” (NARAL Pro-choice America)

DuBois, WEB. “The Birth Control Review.” The Birth Control Review, 1933.

This source was used once, to show the agenda of the opposition. The quote used was a quote taken out of context to delegitimize Sanger and her mission. It was found 30 years later that it was fabricated and did not even come from Margaret. There were and still are many ideologies in place that can be jeopardised by a clear strong message like the rebel woman. This has been reviewed by scholars and Planned Parenthood to bring to light the deceptive nature of the people who want to see their motives come to fruition. There were many other deceptive quotes at the time pinned on Margaret because the strength of the rebel woman began to unseat the traditional way of thinking. Though the information from this source were originally intended to be used in a deceptive way, the information was a part of a medical review and has been cited by Planned Parenthood as being falsely used but accurate information.

“Posts about Woman Rebel on Margaret Sanger Papers Project.” Margaret Sanger Papers Project, sangerpapers.wordpress.com/category/woman-rebel/. Accessed 1 Mar. 2017.

This source was used indirectly as to help locate other sources. This source lead me to a lot of information on the time period that the Rebel Woman was written in along with some photos of Margaret and the first birth control clinic. This is not a scholarly source but does have a compilation of information that helped lead me to the sources i used for the paper. With no prior knowledge or the Rebel Woman this was a good stepping stone for information. This is not a scholarly source but was a funded project that contains scholarly information. This source is a collective of information that pointed me in the direction of the sources that are used in other parts of the paper. This was what I used as a base to find sources, like Wikipedia.

McCormick, Katharine Dexter. “Planned Parenthood Facts Sheet.” Planned Parenthood Federation Of America, www.plannedparenthood.com/www.teenwire.org. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017. As of October 2004

This source provided factual evidence that showed the deception and propaganda used against margaret after the release of the rebel woman. The Katherine Dexter McCormick library compiled a large number of sources and evidence to show this information. This source provided a compilation of artifacts to represent Margaret in a truthful light. Planned Parenthood has worked very hard to remain a legitimate source for anyone who wants to gather information regarding women's rights, therefore invest in scholarly research to continue the cause. Margaret was the first person to open a clinic that provided birth control to the public that is the foundation of planned parenthood. This source also provided dates of when the first clinic opened latter in the paper.

Tyldesley, Joyce. "Cleopatra." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 29 May 2015. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.

Using this source allowed the space to give an example of Matriarchal societies. This source also gave facts about Cleopatra's rulership. The facts from this were brought in to cement the fact that even someone as famous as Cleopatra in a leader role was not actually in a leader role. This was to tie in to the paper stating that very few women have reached a leader status and even the ones who have were generally in place because of extenuating circumstances. The encyclopedia Britannica is a fantastic source for reliable information on many subjects. This source is trusted across the world and the information is continuously updated and edited for accuracy. I wanted to present accurate information in about women in leadership roles that conveyed the variety and unlikely scenarios when that would take place.

Beau:

Hall, Stuart. "The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media." Gender,                                    Race, and Class in Media, edited by Gail Dines, Jean M. Humez, Sage                                            Publications, 2015, pp. 104-107.

Stuart Hall’s essay was the primary resource for the definition of ideology.  He explains how ideologies are formed and how they operate.  Hall discusses how ideologies serve to reinforce hegemony and stereotypes.  He also explains how inferential and overt racism work, which are concepts that can also be applied to sexism.  He expands on this with an example of film portrayal of Native Americans.  Hall is one of the premier scholarly social critics.  This source was one of the main resources for providing a framework for hegemony and ideology. 

Kellner, Douglas. "Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture." Gender,                                  Race, Class in Media, edited by Gail Dines, Jean M. Humez, Sage Publications,                            2015, pp. 7-19.

Douglas Kellner’s essay provided he foundation for critiquing media.  He gives an overview of a cultural studies approach to media.  He explains how to analyze a media artifact based on several criteria.  First, he explains how the political economy and production of media affects the message.  Next, he gives examples and instruction on textual analysis.  Last, he explains how audience reception changes meaning.  Kellner’s essay is very reliable as a scholarly source, as he is an expert in the field.  This essay provided the method that was used to critically analyze media.

Lull, James. "Hegemony." Gender, Race, and Class in Media, edited by Gail Dines, Jean                           M. Humez, Sage Publications, 2015, pp. 39-42.

This source was the primary resource for the subject of hegemony.  It explains what hegemony is, and how it operates in society.  Lull’s gives a brief history of the term and how it has been used.  He gives examples of how hegemony functions, as told by multiple scholars who are experts on the subject.  This source is a great overview of hegemony, and makes multiple references to established scholars in the field, such as Stuart Hall.  It served as a primary resource for understanding systemic oppression and exploitation.  It helped to understand who and what comprised hegemony and hegemonic narratives. 

Citizen Ruth. Directed by Alexander Payne, Miramax Films, 1996.

This film was the piece of media that was analyzed.  It is about a young girl who finds herself unexpectedly pregnant.  The movie then chronicles her experiences as the subject of an intense abortion debate.  Both pro-life and pro-choice activists are portrayed in very stereotypical ways.  The core message of the movie is that fanatics from both sides are wrong.  Neither cares about the women involved, they only care about their agenda.  This movie was chosen as pre-internet media because in 1996 the internet was not a main source of media consumption.  It is a great source for stereotypes surrounding the abortion movement in the 90’s. 

Doerner, Patricia Clark and Kengor, Paul. “Reagan’s Darkest Hour.” National Review.

http://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-                         kengor-patricia-clark-doerner. Accessed 8 March 2017.

A brief article about President Reagan’s stance on abortion.  It gives a history of his policy and brief excerpts of speeches he made on the subject.  The article is mostly about the Therapeutic Abortion Act.  It analyzes how such a staunch pro-life president would have signed that kind of legislation.  It is written by a professor of political science and is well sourced.  It was used primarily for information on Reagan’s abortion stance.  Reagan had significant cultural influence on the subject and would have helped spread many of the ideologies held by Americans. 

Vestal, Christine. “Americans and Abortion: An Overview.” Pew Research Center.

             http://www.pewforum.org/2008/09/29/americans-and-abortion-an-overview/.                                Accessed 8 March 2017.

This source provides a brief overview of the abortion debate.  It starts off with a discussion of Roe v Wade, and how it impacted abortion in America.  It gives brief arguments from both sides for their stances on the debate.  The article also touches on who makes up each of the activist groups, such as the religious right making up most of the pro-life movement. The source is a good introduction to the topic, but is not very detailed.  It served mostly as a quick reference for how the abortion debate has developed.  The information provided is too basic for in depth analysis but gives a well-rounded summary.

“Who’s Getting Abortions? Not Who You’d Think.” NBC News.

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/22689931/ns/health-womens_health/t/whos-getting-               abortions-not-who-youd-think/#.WMDQWDvytPY.  Accessed 8 March 2017

This source is an article about the demographics getting abortions.  It analyzes what economic classes and ethnicities are getting abortion at what rates.  The conclusion is that black women are disproportionately represented, as well as lower economic classes.  It also discusses the myth that is primarily younger women getting abortions.  The study the article is based off of is from the Center for Disease Control, so it is a reliable statistically.  It gives brief explanations for why the different demographics are getting abortions, but is mostly useful for the CDC statistics.  These statistics and the false narrative about young women were its primary role for the essay.

Ziegler, Mary. “Beyond Backlash: Legal History, Polarization, and Roe v. Wade.”                                      Washington and Lee Law Review, vol. 71, no. 2, 2014, pp. 970-1020.

This source was a detailed history of the abortion debate and the response to Roe v Wade.  It gives a very thorough history of the pro-life and pro-choice movements.  It goes through how they were formed and what their initial stances were, and how those stances came to be.  It also gives a detailed explanation for the implications of the case on judicial review.  It argues that the case served mostly to polarize America.  It is a very thorough and well researched article, and appears in a peer reviewed journal.  It was the main source of information for the history of the abortion movements in America, what narratives were forming and how they were formed. 

Miller, Carol T, Robin E. Roy, and Kristin S. Weibust. “Effects of Stereotypes About                                Feminists on Feminist Self-Identification.” Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol.                            31, 2007, pp. 146-156.

This source is about stereotypes surrounding feminism. First, it explains what stereotypes exist about feminists.  It examines who identifies as a feminist and what different demographics think about feminists.  It explains that even women are reluctant to identify with the term.  Many men reported feelings of anger, disgust, and annoyance when they thought about a typical feminist.  It is a thorough and reliable source.  It appeared in Psychology of Women Quarterly, a scholarly journal.  It provided information about what kind of hegemonic narratives existed around feminism for the paper.  

Allen:

"How Have Contraceptives Changed Your Life?" Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

This is Bill & Melinda Gates’s Organization website. Something that they are very vocal about is global awareness and helping to serve the people of this world. With the amount of money that they have they have set up many different ways to help global health. In this post “How Have Contraceptives Changed Your Life?” Bill & Melinda Interview women from all over the globe. Everyone has taken birth control and tells remarkable success stories. This text does a great job of bringing awareness and giving birth control a new fresh light.

Lauper, Cyndi. "Cyndi Lauper: Girls Just Want to Have Birth Control." The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast Company, 03 July 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

In this post Cyndi Lauper brings awareness. First off, she brings awareness to the “Hobby Lobby v. Burwell case. Then, she brings to light the oppression that this case involves. The case makes it legal for Hobby Lobby not to pay for contraceptive. She compares this verdict to the way that women were treated in the 1950’s. Calling women “second class citizens”. This article is brilliant because it gives the reader a fact based reading. I say fact based because you can go and read the case yourself and make your own decisions.

Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands: The New Mestiza = La Frontera. San Francisco: Aunt Lute, 2012. Print.

This was known as one of the best books in 1997. The book still stands respected today. Gloria Anzaldua brings a new meaning to identity. She shows us the duality of many subjects. Through poems and stories she shows the reader a new way to think about race, sexuality, religion and language. I used it in this paper because she stands up to the oppression of women. The hegemonic narrative that tells our society that men are superior to men. As a chicana woman she writes in her language. She tells us that language is the biggest part of her identity and this shows up in the reading. Instead of catering to the anglos she writes partly in spanish. Calling us to meet her halfway.

Horwitz, Paul. "The Hobby Lobby Moment." By Paul Horwitz :: SSRN. N.p., 02 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

Paul Horwitz does a review of the Supreme Court case. Although this is a secondary source it brings plenty of factual information to the table. He writes about why this case was so controversial. He also talks about what the outcome of this case is. He unlike Lauper gives a definite fact based verdict. This was helpful to the paper to add evidence to my argument. The case is a lose-lose really. No matter which way the judge went there would be controversy.

David: 

Trapped. Dir. Dawn Porter. Perf. June Ayers, Nancy Northup, Dalton Johnson, and Willie Parker. Netflix, 2016. Documentary.

            Trapped was a documentary filmed and directed by Dawn Porter. It outlined the behind the scenes story of what abortion clinics dealt with when HB2 was passed into law in July 2013. This was a critical moment in the movement for women’s reproductive rights as it won favor of the pro-life supporters while debilitating pro-choice supporters, doctors, nurses, and all who worked to support women who have decided abortion and are looking to receive the service in a safe and legal manner. Unlike most media, this documentary also highlights the perspective of the women who chose abortion. They faced backlack from their friends, their family members, their church community, and especially from the pro-life supporters of their community. The documentary also presented the aggressive and vile criticism of anti-abortion/pro-life supporters in an honest and close-up manner. The doctors, nurses, health care professionals and public health employees who worked in abortion clinics and supported women who chose abortion received all kinds of horrific criticism, particularly from their own communities.

Feliks, Garcia. New York. “What Is HB2 and Why Did the Supreme Court Overturn It?” The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 27 June 2016. Web. 14 Mar. 2017         

This article clearly describes what the HB2 entailed, and everything that occurred leading up to June 27 2016 when it was overturned by the Supreme Court. This was a critical research component in understanding Trapped (2016) the documentary. It also served to clearly outline what many abortion clinics were up against when HB2 when into effect. The creation and abolition of HB2 is evidence of the controversial and complex nature of the topic of reproductive rights for women. This article helped me understand what the doctors and staff of “Trapped” 2016 fought for as well as the inside situation of supporting women through the provision of abortion services.

Knocked up. Dir. Judd Apatow. Prod. Judd Apatow, Shauna Robertson, Clayton Townsend, and Seth Rogen. By Judd Apatow. Perf. Seth Rogen and Katherine Heigl. Universal Pictures, 2007. Film.
            Knocked Up is a film produced in Hollywood in an attempt to portray the story of a young couple who have an unplanned pregnancy after a one-night stand. Though at first the film may have great depictions of the honest realities that a couple goes through during an unplanned pregnancy, it becomes clearer and clearer as the movie progresses that it is not an accurate or a realistic portrayal of experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. The discovery and the aftermath of the pregnancy is overly dramatized for satire purposes and the emotional discourse and logical reflection that should follow is incredibly downplayed and oversimplified. On the other hand, the resolution is incredibly optimistic, perhaps even utopic, as Ben and Alison (the main characters) decide to have the baby and live happily ever after. It reinforces the hegemonic narrative often presented by Hollywood and mainstream media that abortion is not an option and having a baby leads to an ending that is happily ever after.

Paris:

Katz, Jackson "Big Talkers: Rush Limbaugh, Conservative Talk Radio, and the Defiant Reassertion of White Authority." Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Critical Reader 4 (2015): 157-62. Print.   

-This source was very useful to my paper because showed a lot of the ignorance that comes from people who are non-feminist in the world. Rush Limbaugh is a prime example of what it means to be a superior man who uses his power to lead people in the wrong direction. In my paper I used  a lot of how he felt as well s his own opinions about how he felt about women who stand up for themselves and their rights to explain what it means to be a misguided person. the journal "Big Talkers" helped me breakdown the phase superior man and how it Limbaugh challenges women. He is using it to keep things how they've always been instead of using his power to make a change. This source simply explains what it means to be a misguided dominant figure in the world.

Gill, Rosalind "Supersexualize Me1!: Advertising and the "Midriffs"Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Critical Reader 4 (2015): 278-84. Print. 

- This source explains what being sexualized means for women in America. From being pressured to be like the girls  you see on TV with the pretty face and body to wanting to actually go get cosmetic surgery to actually look like them. It talks about how thoughts of rape started with sexualizing women through pornography, models, and beauty pageants. This source is useful for my paper because I can use this to get a clear view across to my audience what why this hurts women in the workplace which is explained in the Women's march on Washington video.

Hall, Stuart. "The White of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media." Gender, Race, and       Class in Media: A Critical Reader 4 (2015): 104-07. Print.  

-This sources explains the different types of ideologies and how they play a key part in how we think and see other people who are different from ourselves. In this Journal, Stuart Hall uses the word "naturalized" when looking at already existing ideologies. Some ideologies could be how women have never played a dominant role in the world like for example, being a President. This source is very important to my paper because it plays a crucial part in explaining why these ideologies hinder women from rising in the world. you will see those type of ideologies in the women's march on Washington.

Moorti, Sujata, Cuklanz M., Lisa "Television's "New" Feminism": Prime-Time Representation of Women and Victimization." Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Critical Reader 4 (2015): 175-93. Print.  

-This particular source is important because it goes head and head with the "Big Talkers" source. The "Television's "New" Feminism" talks about rape in America. As I was watching the footage of the women's march I noticed that their were a lot of rape survivors and how they don't no longer see themselves as victims. But in America rape isn't taken as seriously as other crimes. The fact that you need so much proof to show that you were raped shows that we live in a would were women don't have much power. In the source, the writers didn't put down women  like Limbaugh did, instead the two writers examined a popular the show on the subject, SVU, and explained how rape has been a overlooked problem in America that still isn't being solved or taken seriously like other crimes. 

"Women's March on Washington 2017 (FULL EVENT) | ABC News." YouTube, ABC News, www.youtube.com/watch?v=rp1FyjB8WXQ. 

-This is the piece of media that I've chosen and it’s the full live video of the women's march on Washington ( 6 hours of footage).The Women’s March was a mission to invite people of all beliefs and backgrounds to raise their voices on a range of issues, including civil rights, workers rights, rape, discrimination, racism, environmental justice and etc.. But the event was also a platform for reproductive freedom. The Women's March on Washington was a way to  listen to speakers who are activists of choice, and who do not fear the conservative Supreme Court who is under Mr. Trump. But people have once more drawn the issue to the fore of the feminist movement.